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Unit 6: Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)

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Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are a set of principles and guidelines designed to ensure the quality, reliability, and consistency of laboratory work. GLP helps laboratories maintain accurate results, improve patient safety, and ensure proper handling of specimens and records. Objectives of GLP To improve patient safety To reduce laboratory errors To ensure proper documentation and traceability To maintain high standards of laboratory performance Basic Principles of GLP 1. Organization and Personnel Laboratory staff must be properly trained and qualified. Duties and responsibilities should be clearly defined. Staff should follow laboratory protocols and safety procedures. Continuous education and competency assessment are important. 2. Laboratory Facilities The laboratory should have adequate space and proper ventilation. Separate areas should exist for specimen collection, testing, storage, and waste disposal. Cleanliness and hygiene must be maintained. Environmental conditions such ...
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Unit 3: Patient Preparation and Identification

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1. Patient Identification Protocols Patient identification is the process of correctly confirming a patient’s identity before providing collecting specimens. Correct identification helps to: Prevent medical and laboratory errors Ensure the right treatment for the right patient Avoid specimen mix-ups Improve patient safety Maintain accurate medical records Healthcare workers should use at least two identifiers before any procedure. Common Patient Identifiers Full name Date of birth Hospital registration number or ID number Wristband/barcode information Example Before blood collection, the phlebotomist should ask: “Please tell me your full name.” “What is your date of birth?” The answers should match the request form and wristband. Patient Identification Protocol Steps Greet the patient politely. Introduce yourself. Ask the patient to state their name and date of birth. Check the wristband or hospital ID. Match information with laboratory forms or medical records. Label specimens immedi...
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Unit 1: Introduction to Phlebotomy

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1. Role of Phlebotomy in Clinical Diagnostics Phlebotomy is the clinical procedure of collecting blood samples from patients for laboratory analysis. It is one of the most fundamental steps, because blood contains vital information about the body’s physiological and pathological state . Through properly collected blood specimens , clinicians and laboratory professionals can assess a wide range of health conditions. Phlebotomy plays a critical role in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning. Blood samples obtained through venipuncture or capillary collection are used in laboratory. In hematology , blood is examined for disorders like anemia, leukemia, and clotting abnormalities. In biochemistry , it helps evaluate glucose levels, liver and kidney function, and electrolyte balance. In microbiology , blood samples assist in detecting bloodstream infections, while immunological tests help in identifying autoimmune disorders and immune responses. In diabetes mellitus , blood gluc...
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